Which signs and symptoms should the nurse expect with an allergic reaction to blood during a transfusion?

In the context of an allergic reaction to blood during a transfusion, the most common signs and symptoms include rash and hives. These manifestations occur because allergic reactions typically involve an immune response to proteins found in the donor blood, leading to skin reactions such as urticaria (hives) and various rashes. This response is often immediate and is distinct from other types of transfusion reactions.

In contrast, other options represent symptoms associated with different types of transfusion reactions. Fever and chills are often seen in febrile non-hemolytic reactions, which are not purely allergic responses. Shortness of breath and chest pain can indicate transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) or an anaphylactic reaction, both of which are more severe but less common. Nausea and vomiting may be observed in cases of transfusion-associated gastrointestinal issues but are also more indicative of specific other reactions rather than an allergic response.

Understanding the typical presentation of various transfusion reactions can help nurses anticipate complications and respond appropriately during blood transfusion procedures.